Breast Corrective Surgeries

Correction of Pectus Carinatum Using Implants
Correction of "pigeon chest" - medically known as *pectus carinatum*—addresses a developmental deformity characterized by a protrusion in the sternal area. Although the condition poses no serious medical threat, it can lead to feelings of insecurity and psychological discomfort. Various treatment methods exist, with the choice depending on the severity of the case and the patient's preferences. Correcting this deformity using implants is performed via an endoscopic procedure.

An enlarged or deformed areola is typically corrected under local anesthesia; the resulting scar is located at the junction of the nipple and the surrounding skin, rendering it invisible. Depending on the patient's tissue characteristics and the extent of the deformity, a staged reconstruction may be the more prudent approach. Nipple skin is prone to stretching; therefore, before correcting the shape and size of the areola, the underlying cause of the enlargement must be addressed—which usually entails reducing or correcting a heavy, sagging breast gland.

Correction of an enlarged nipple can be performed under local anesthesia. Only excess skin is removed, and intervention involving the gland is rarely required; consequently, there is no risk of losing nipple sensation during the procedure.

Depending on the degree of deformity and the intended goals, the correction of tuberous breasts is performed using implants (breast augmentation), lipofilling, or solely the patient's own tissues (breast lift). A common element of such surgery is the appropriate reshaping and securing of the breast gland to prevent it from "protruding." The subsequent stages do not differ significantly from the surgical techniques described in previous chapters.

Implants offer a simple way to mask chest deformities. While such a procedure will not restore the ribs and spine to their physiological shape, it effectively conceals an asymmetrical chest, restores balanced weight distribution across the spine, and makes it easier to choose and wear clothing normally. The surgery can be performed by transplanting fat cells into the depressed area or by using specific types of implants. If implants are used for the correction, it is also possible to augment the breasts, thereby creating an aesthetically pleasing décolletage.

So, you have decided to undergo surgical correction for an inverted nipple. This is an excellent decision; once the tissues have healed, you will likely discover a new level of nipple sensitivity—a change that, combined with the improved shape, could truly transform your life. There are various techniques for correcting an inverted nipple, but you should exercise caution when choosing a method: many of these procedures require the severing of the milk ducts, meaning that women who opt for them permanently lose the ability to breastfeed.